No matter how careful one may be, at one time or another they will probably come down with a cold. Usually, within a week it has come and gone. But sometimes it doesn’t clear up so quickly and instead becomes more serious. It is at this point that one might be diagnosed with sinusitis. Sinusitis is an infection of the sinus cavities and usually involves the nasal passages as well.

Everyone has sinuses in the forehead, cheeks, and around the nostrils. No one is quite sure what the purpose of these cavities is, but there are many theories. Some believe that they help to warm the air that one breathes in, while others feel they act as a “crumple zone” to protect the face in case of trauma. Whatever the job of the sinuses, when they are not working correctly, one will know it.

Normal sinuses consist of cavities joined to the nasal cavity by small tubes. All of these systems are lined with a thin layer of mucus, with small hairs called cilia lining the cavities as well. Usually, if an irritant such as pollen or dust or even a virus comes in contact with the nasal and sinus cavities, the cilia and mucus work together to quickly clear the irritant out. However, there are times when these systems do not work correctly, and the sinus and nasal cavities become swollen and inflamed. This may result in sinusitis. These infections may be either acute (meaning the infection does not last long or is not recurrent) or chronic (meaning that the infection occurs frequently or lasts for a long period of time). Acute sinus infections quite often have more pronounced symptoms than those from a chronic infection.

Acute sinusitis may have several different causes. The most common cause is a virus. When these germs are introduced to the nasal and sinus cavities, they can cause the cilia to cease functioning and the mucous to thicken, thus preventing the body from ridding itself of these germs. If these conditions continue, a bacterial infection of the sinuses can occur. Another cause of acute sinusitis is fungus, such as mold. It can come from either food or can be inhaled. Fungus has the ability to affect one’s immune system, and can irritate the sinuses. Other acute sinusitis causes include blowing one’s nose too hard, taking medicines which may affect the body’s mucus membranes, and even scuba diving which can cause excess pressure in the sinuses allowing bacteria to remain in these cavities.

Chronic sinusitis is an infection which is longer lasting than the acute form. It usually isn’t as painful as an acute sinus infection, but can lead to more frequent infections. There are several causes of chronic sinusitis, which if not treated can lead to a more serious infection. One common cause is allergies. Because allergies cause inflammation and swelling of the nasal cavity and its passages, it can inhibit the flow of mucous, creating the perfect environment for bacteria to grow. Having asthma also makes one more prone to chronic sinusitis. Those with sensitive sinus and nasal cavities can be affected by quick changes in temperature and humidity. Other causes of chronic sinusitis include poor air quality, a weakened immune system, and even stress. In addition, there are structural problems which may lead to a chronic sinus infection. These include having a deviated septum or narrowed sinus openings, polyps in the nasal or sinus cavities, or rarely, tumours. It is sometimes necessary to have surgery to correct these problems.

As can be seen, there are many causes of sinusitis. No matter what the cause, one must react quickly when experiencing the symptoms of colds or allergies especially when accompanied by fever and stuffiness. This is because these are warning signs that something more serious could occur. With early diagnosis and treatment, one can prevent a simple problem from turning into a serious illness.

Chronic Sinusitis Treatment

Those who have repeated sinus difficulties know the pain and pressure that comes with it. There are many home remedies for sinus infections, such as saline flushing of the nasal cavities, antihistimines to de-congest, and over the counter pills to subdue the pain. Hot showers, with the water hitting the facial areas that ache, and the neck that may also be affected give short time relief. Medically, chronic sinusitis needs to be taken seriously. Because the sinus cavities are in such close proximity to the brain, any infections in that area need to be treated.

Inflammation and blocking of the sinus cavities by bacterial infections can get out of hand easily. Neglect of any sinus condition can only make the situation worse. Saline rinses of the sinuses can alleviate congestion as well as inflammation and the relief of these symptoms can also give at least a small degree of relief from the pressure and pain. The use of nasal cortisteroids such as Flonase or equivalents can ease and prevent further inflammation. For a bit stronger treatment, prednisone, or similar injected cortisteroids can be given. Over the counter decongestants and pain killers such as Motrin or Advil can target the pain of a chronic sinusitis.

For chronic sinusitis conditions that are caused or aggravated by bacterial infections, a prescription for an antibiotic such as amoxycillin or a sulfa based medicine can be the solution. An antibiotic prescription usually calls for daily doses for a period of two weeks or so, and every dose must be taken in order for the antibiotic to have the desired effect. Should one particular antibiotic prove to be less than effective, then a different antibiotic can be given. Each patient responds differently to differing antibiotics. Before prescribing such antibiotics, a physician usually does tests to determine if the sinus condition is due to allergies or to bacteria. The diagnosis of a chronic sinus condition is important in the formulating a protocol for treatment. If the condition is a repeated response to allergies, particularly seasonal allergies, then treatment for the allergy is the first step that will be taken. Allergy preventative medications can be regularly given, thus avoiding the sinus infection response to the allergen.

Surgery is the ultimate sinusitis treatment. This approach is taken when the condition has not responded to any of the standard treatments and when the damage to the sinus cavities from repeated infections has reached a level that merits surgical strategies. If the nasal passage is hampered by a deviated septum which interferes with proper drainage, then a correction can be made by surgery. An endoscopic procedure may be done as another option. An endoscopic surgery involves the insertion of a small diameter flexible tube fitted with a camera into the sinuses, to explore the tissues and the condition of the sinuses. Any scarred sinus linings or blockages can be surgically removed during the endoscopy. Using the endoscopic method to enlarge the sinus channels or cavities can provide lasting relief from the worst of chronic sinusitis problems.

Cures for Sinusitis

Causes
The sinuses protect your airways by trapping irritants that you inhale and are moist, hollow spaces in the cheeks and forehead that drain into the nasal cavity. Sinusitis often starts as the “common” cold (viral infection) that causes inflammation and swelling of the lining of the sinuses and, thereby, blocking drainage.

This blockage is usually short term as the cold runs its course. Unfortunately, without proper drainage, the sinuses become susceptible to bacterial growth that causes more inflammation and pain eventually producing the symptoms of sinusitis, that is, pressure or pain around the eyes or cheekbones and a yellow-green nasal discharge often requiring medical treatment.

Although colds are probably the most common cause of the initial blockage, anything that causes the sinus mucous membranes to become inflamed may lead to sinusitis. Particularly susceptible are people with nasal allergies (allergic rhinitis) and the resulting infections are often recurring and long-term (chronic) cases.

Other causes include the formation of nasal polyps (growths), foreign objects (usually in children), or a deviated septum (at birth or from injury). Although uncommon, fungal infections may also cause sinusitis.

Prevention
To prevent a cold from developing into sinusitis and even cure a mild infection home treatment proper home treatment may be the answer.

• Salt-water nasal washes to wash out mucus and bacteria before it can establish an infection.
• Several times a day, lie down and keep a hot, damp towel on your face for 5 to 10 minutes.
• Avoid second hand smoke that irritates inflamed membranes and alcohol that causes swelling of membranes.
• Use over-the-counter pain relievers (analgesics like aspirin, acetaminophen, or ibuprofen) and decongestants (such as pseudoephedrine nasal spray) to lessen swelling of membranes to relieve symptoms.
• Consider using a humidifier and/or a steamer
Acute Sinusitis Treatment

If symptoms persists or worsen after a few days of home treatment or you develop a fever or ear pain consult a physician.

If caused by a bacterial infection, medications may become necessary in treatment of sinusitis. Lengths of treatment necessary may be as short as three days to several weeks or more. With an aim to clear up any infection and avoid permanent damage to the lining of the nose and sinuses, your physician may prescribe antibiotic(s), mucolytics to thin mucus, corticosteroids to reduce inflammation, analgesics, and decongestants.
How long the treatment will require depends on the severity of the infection. However, as with any infection, take the medication exactly as prescribed and complete the regimen. Do not stop the medication prematurely or the infection may return.

Chronic Sinusitis Treatment

Sinusitis becomes chronic when it lasts more than six weeks and is more difficult to treat, responding more slowly to antibiotics than acute sinusitis.
A longer course of treatment is necessary. The bacteria involved have responded slowly, if at all, to the antibiotic treatment and other classes of antibiotics must be investigated, either alone or in combinations.
Alternatively, the sinusitis may be the result of a fungal infection that will not respond to antibiotic treatment, but will require treatment with antifungal medications, corticosteroids, or surgery. Fungal infections account for a significant number of chronic sinusitis cases and, in fact are often chronic.

Sinus Surgery

Surgery may be indicated if antibiotic or antifungal treatments are ineffective over an extended period and complications (such as infection of facial bones) become more likely.
To allow the sinuses drain sometimes requires sinus surgery. To accomplish this, the surgeon enlarges the sinuses holes for drainage by removing infected or damaged tissue or bone. Usually, the surgeon inserts a thin, lighted tool (endoscope) through the nose to assist in unblocking the sinuses.

Traditional surgery is necessary if infection of the facial bones or a brain abscess has developed.

Information about Sinus Problems

Sinus problems are a very common ailment for many Americans. In fact, about 37 million Americans suffer from sinus problems. Although it is very common and uncomfortable to deal with, there are many ways to reduce the chances for problems and to feel better once you get them.

Sinus problems can be the result of your nasal membranes swelling and the sinus passages becoming blocked. When this happens, mucus cannot properly drain. Mucus then builds up and becomes infected. This is the cause of the uncomfortable pressure and headaches that one feels while having sinusitis and other sinus problems. Another cause of problems is the actual anatomy of the nose. Some people are more likely to develop problems due to narrow sinus passages. Anatomical problems of the sinus passages can result in multiple sinus problems throughout the course of a year.

There are four major sinus regions located within the skull. These sinuses are located in the forehead, behind the cheek bones, between the eyes, and behind the eyes. Depending on where the sinus infection is, areas of discomfort may vary. Sinus problems also have varying durations. Depending on whether it is an acute, sub acute, or a chronic problem, the duration can last from less than four weeks to more than eight.

Common side effects of sinus problems include sinus pressure, headaches, thick mucus, fever, bad breath, a cough, and congestion. These symptoms can often range from minor to serious. When symptoms become worse, it can become very uncomfortable and necessitate a visit to the doctor. Fortunately, there is treatment. Sinus problems can be treated by medications and home remedies, and in serious cases, even surgery.

Decongestants are often the first step to treating sinus problems. This medicine is available over the counter and can reduce the mucus within the sinus. Another medication that is often used to treat sinus problems is antibiotics. If the source of the problem is a bacterial infection, than a course of antibiotics can solve the problem. Another possibility for treatment is steroids. Inhaled steroids can reduce the swelling in the sinuses, thus offering relief. If these methods do not work, surgery may be the only choice left. If a physical blockage is the cause of the problems, than a surgeon can remove it. During a sinus infection, painkillers such as ibuprofen or acetaminophen can reduce discomfort.

There are also many home remedies that are quite effective as well. Standing in a steamy shower can help reduce congestion within the nasal passages. Applying warm, moist heat in the form of a towel to your face can also relieve a little pressure and discomfort. Nasal saline solutions keep your membranes moist which is important in combating congestion. Drinking plenty of fluids help keep mucus thin and reducing blockages. Avoiding alcohol is a must since it can complicate problems further. As with most ailments, getting proper rest can help you feel better and recover soon.

Although sinus problems are very common, they do not have to ruin your week. Remember to see a physician when you start having symptoms. Once a doctor starts treatment, relief can come very quickly and you will be back to feeling normal in no time at all.

Sinusitis and Dizziness

It seems that at one time or another, many people have suffered from a sinus infection, or sinusitis, as it is technically known. Within one’s skull there are air pockets called sinus cavities. These pockets are located around the nose, cheeks and forehead. They are connected to the nose by small tubes, allowing air to travel to the cavities and mucus to flow from the cavities to the nose. All parts of the respiratory system, including the sinus cavities, are lined by mucus membranes, and this is constantly being replaced. In fact, when working correctly, the respiratory system produces several quarts of mucus each day.

Doctors have several ideas as to why we have these sinuses but they have not found a definitive reason. Some theories include acting to filter and warm the air we breathe, as well as working as a “crumple zone” in a facial injury to absorb the impact and lessen the effect on the brain. Other ideas include protecting the respiratory system from bacteria and other foreign breathable matter. Some even believe that the sinuses affect one’s voice by each chamber resonating at a different frequency, and others believe that the sinus cavities lessen the weight of the skull. No matter what the actual reason for the existence of the sinus cavities, when they are inflamed, they can cause big problems.

In the case of the sinuses, any blockage of this system of tubes going to the nose can result in a condition called sinusitis. Sinusitis, another term for a sinus infection, occurs when the mucus lined tissues of the sinus cavities, as well as the small tubes connecting them to the nose, become inflamed. This can be due to allergy, bacteria, virus, and even fungus. In addition, the structure of one’s nose, such as a deviated septum, can increase the chances of an infection taking place. When the tissues become inflamed, they swell and block the flow of air and mucus, thus trapping bacteria and allowing it to grow, causing an infection. The most common symptom of sinusitis is a stuffy nose, but headache and facial pressure are also present in many cases. Other signs of sinusitis include nasal congestion, green or yellow mucus, fever, reduced sense of taste and smell, sore throat, dizziness, and bad breath. An acute attack of sinusitis can last up to four weeks, while a chronic infection can last as long as twelve weeks. The bacterial forms of sinusitis, especially when chronic, may require a long course of treatment with antibiotics and decongestants. Although dizziness does not always occur with a sinus infection, when it does, it can have a major effect on one’s daily life.

Everyone’s balance system is based in their inner ear. In this area there are semicircular canals which are filled with fluid as well as small sensors which follow the head’s movement. The fluids in the ears, as in the sinuses, empty into the throat through the Eustachian tubes. When the sinuses become infected with a virus or bacteria, the infection can travel from the sinuses to the Eustachian tubes and result in the blockage of the tubes. As this happens, the blocked mucus, along with the bacteria, puts pressure on the eardrum and middle ear causing the pain of an ear infection. With the increased pressure in the ear, the systems which govern balance are not sending accurate information to the brain, resulting in dizziness. This dizziness can result in a feeling of imbalance, lightheadedness, or unsteadiness. This problem can also cause nausea or vomiting. One may find it difficult to walk or perform other routine daily activities. When experiencing a sinus infection and the dizziness accompanying it, one should be cautions due to the danger of losing one’s balance and falling.

As can be seen, sinusitis is something which should be treated as soon as possible, particularly if it is causing dizziness. A doctor should be able to run the tests necessary to diagnose the cause of a sinus infection and the loss of balance which may accompany it. After the cause is known, the correct medical treatment can begin. After treatment, one should strive to prevent the recurrence of a sinus infection by eating healthy, enjoying a healthy lifestyle, and taking care when with others who may have respiratory infections.

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